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Knesset Menorah
The Knesset Menorah (Hebrew: מנורת הכנסת ''Menorat HaKnesset'') is a bronze monument 4.30 meters high, 3.5 meters wide, and weighs 4 tons. It is located at the edge of Gan Havradim (Rose Garden) in front of the Knesset. Built by Benno Elkan (1877-1960), a Jewish sculptor who escaped from his native Germany to Britain and worked at the project for over six years. The Menorah was presented to the Knesset as a gift from the British Labour Party on April 15, 1956 in honor of the celebrations of the eighth Independence Day of the State of Israel. Built in the shape of the golden candelabrum or Menorah of the Jerusalem Temple, the main theme of the work depicts the spiritual struggles of the Jewish people and it includes depictions of 30 formative events, phrases, images and concepts that constitute the history of Israel from the Hebrew Bible and Jewish history. The engravings on the six side branches of the Menorah portray the fate of the Israeli people since it was exiled from its land, and the engravings on the center branch portray the people’s fate since the beginning of the return to the land up to the establishment of the State of Israel. It is considered a visual "textbook" of Jewish history for generations.
==Background==
In 1950, a year and a half after Israel's Declaration of Independence, Edwin Samuel, son of the first British High Commissioner to Palestine, Herbert Samuel, approached the Jewish artist Benno Elkan and discussed with him the idea of offering as a gift to the young Israeli state a monumental bronze sculpture in the form of a menorah, based on a project Elkan had been working on for a few years. The purpose of the gift was "to express the admiration of the British Parliament and the continued warm friendship with the new State of Israel, its government, its people, and above all - its Knesset." Elkan had been living in London since 1933 when he had left Germany following the Nazi rise to power. He was a well known artist in England and had experience in working in bronze, having created ten large relief-decorated menorahs, among them two standing in the Westminster Abbey in London. Elkan had started working at the concept of the new Menorah in 1947, and in 1949 had begun creating the bronze reliefs. All in all he spent almost ten years of his life creating the Knesset Menorah, much of it in research, because he wanted to create a unique work which would tell the millennia-old history of the nation of Israel.
The choice of the Menorah-symbol as a gift is based on the emblem of the State of Israel, chosen by the first Knesset. The outline of the Knesset Menorah and that appearing on Israel's state emblem are both based on the Menorah from the Arch of Titus in Rome. The Arch bears a relief depicting captured Jewish rebels from the Jewish revolt of 66-74 CE, presented in triumph to the people of Rome while bearing the treasures of the Second Temple after its destruction in 70 CE, including the Temple Menorah. The Arch is dated to 81 AD, and so the depiction of the Temple Menorah is considered by some to be accurate, assuming that the artist who created the relief must have seen the Menorah with his own eyes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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